The financing model for a just transition primarily relies on government grants/subsidies and concessional loans.

Blended finance in the global climate sector faces persistent challenges, including limited concessional capital for climate initiatives and difficulties in identifying investable projects. While China has made practical strides in climate-related blended finance, key obstacles remain—such as public funds’ low risk tolerance and mismatches with international capital requirements at the project level. This study systematically analyzes how blended finance mobilizes private capital, identifies core challenges in climate-focused applications, and—grounded in China’s experience and constraints—proposes innovative mechanisms and actionable recommendations for key stakeholders.

The impacts of low - carbon transformation on different countries, regions and populations are uneven. Some regions and groups, especially those areas and residents relying on the production of fossil fuels such as coal, will bear higher transformation costs.

Green finance flows have grown significantly in recent years, yet large firms dominate this
market. Micro, small, and medium-sized enterprises (MSMEs), which contribute significantly
to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, are crucial for the transition to a sustainable economy.
However, they face major challenges in accessing financing for sustainable investments.

Against the backdrop of increasingly severe global climate change challenges, agricultural and food systems (hereinafter referred to as "agri-food systems") are gaining heightened importance as a critical domain for both mitigating and adapting to climate change and ensuring food security.

Achieving a just transition under the carbon neutrality goal requires substantial financial support, yet there is currently a significant funding gap. Transition finance can play a crucial role in bridging this gap, with commercial banks holding a key position in this process.

The cement industry is a vital foundational sector in China, yet it is also characterized by high energy consumption and high emissions. The inherent raw material composition and process characteristics of cement production make its decarbonization significantly more challenging compared to other high-carbon industries.

The Macro & Green Finance Lab, National Development Research Institute of Peking University recently has released the report of "Economic and Environmental Benefits of and Financial Support for Wind Repowering Projects".

Shanxi Province and the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, as major coal-fired power producers in China, are crucial to the nation's energy security and sustainable development, while simultaneously facing significant tasks and challenges in decarbonizing the power sector.